Scholarly Book Chapters

• Liao, S. & Kruger, J.-L. (2023). Cognitive processing of subtitles: Charting the future by mapping the past. In A. Ferreira, & J. W. Schwieter (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Translation, Interpreting, and Bilingualism (pp. 161-176). Routledge.
• Pan, L. & Liao, S. (2024). Modelling Audiovisual Translation for New Media: A multimodal typology approach to subtitling non-fictional videos. In L. Pan, X. Wu, T. Luo, & H. Qina (Eds.), Multimodality in Translation Studies: Digital media, Models, and Trends in China. Routledge.

Refereed Journal Articles

• Liao, S., Yu, L., Kruger, J.-L., & Reichle, E. D. (2024). Dynamic reading in a digital age: New insights on cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 28(1), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2023.08.002
• Lan, H., Liao, S., & Kruger, J.-L. (2025). Do advertisements disrupt reading? Evidence from eye movements. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 39(1),1-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.70016
• Kruger, J.-L., & Liao, S. (2025). Busting “ghost subtitles” on streaming services. Translation and Interpreting, 17 (2), 38-54.
• Kruger, J.-L. & Liao, S. (2022). Establishing a theoretical framework for AVT research: The importance of cognitive models. Translation Spaces. https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.21024.kru.
• Liao, S., Yu, L., Kruger, J.-L., & Reichle, E. D. (2022). The impact of audio on the reading of intralingual versus interlingual subtitles: Evidence from eye movements. Applied Psycholinguistics, 43(1), 237–269. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716421000527
• Kruger, J.-L., Wisniewska, N., & Liao, S. (2022). Why subtitle speed matters: Evidence from word skipping and rereading. Applied Psycholinguistics, 43(1), 211–236. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716421000503
• Liao, S., Yu, L., Reichle, E. D., & Kruger, J.-L. (2021). Using eye movements to study the reading of subtitles in video. Scientific Studies of Reading, 25, 417-435. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2020.1823986
• Pan, L. & Liao, S. (2021). News translation of reported conflicts: a corpus-based account of positioning. Perspectives, Studies in Translatology, 429(5), 722–739. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2020.1792519
• Liao, S., Kruger, J-L., & Doherty, S. (2020). The impact of monolingual and bilingual subtitles on visual attention, cognitive load, and comprehension. The Journal of Specialised Translation, 33, 70-98. https://jostrans.org/issue33/art_liao.pdf
• Liao, S. & Pan, L. (2018). Interpreter’s mediation at political press conferences: a narrative account. Interpreting, 20(2): 188-203. https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.00009.lia

Refereed Conference Papers

• Reichle, E. D., Yu, L., Liao, S., & Kruger, J.-L. (2021). Using simulations to understand the reading of rapidly displayed subtitles. Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77f4h3qn

Other Research Outputs

• Orlando, M, Liao, S., & Kruger, J.-L. (2024). Translation and Interpreting technologies and their impact on the industry. Project Report to NAATI.
• Yu, L., Liao, S., Kruger, J.-L., & Reichle, E. (2023). What does switching from paper to screens mean for how we read? Psyche. https://psyche.co/ideas/what-does-switching-from-paper-to-screens-mean-for-how-we-read
• Liao, S., Yu, L., Kruger, J.-L., & Reichle, E. (2022). Fast subtitles cause superficial reading: evidence from eye movements. Invited research report for Australian Institute of Interpreters and Translators (AUSIT). https://ausit.org/blog/fast-subtitles-cause-superficial-reading-evidence-from-eye-movements/
• Kruger, J.-L., Orlando, M., Peters, P., Liao, S., & Sturgess, H. (2022). Assessing the impact of readability on translation quality and productivity. Project Report of the Enterprise Partnership Scheme.
• Peters, P., Liao, S., Kruger, J.-L. & Orlando, M. (2022). Effective public messaging in online communication for all Australians. Project Report to NAATI.

Invited Workshops

• Liao, S. (May, 2025). Eye tracking and quantitative approach to audiovisual translation. The University of Hong Kong.
• Liao, S. (June, 2024). Empirical research methods in T&I: The present and the future. Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, China.
• Liao, S. (June, 2024). Quantitative methods in the reception of multimodal translation: Using eye tracking in empirical research. The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.
• Kruger, J.-L. & Liao, S. (June, 2024). Quantitative methods in Translation Studies: Conducting eye-tracking research. Western Sydney University.
• Kruger, J.-L. & Liao, S. (February, 2024). Quantitative methods in media accessibility: Conducting eye-tracking research. University of Antwerp, Belgium.
• Liao, S & Kruger, J.-L. (February, 2022). The use of eye tracking in empirical translation research (8-day online workshop series). Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, China.

Conference Presentations

• Liao, S., Enríquez Raído, V., Orlando, M., & Kruger, J.-L. (2025, May). Translation and Interpreting Technology in the Age of AI: An Australian Perspective. Paper presented at the 11^th Asia-Pacific Translation and Interpreting Forum (APTIF). Hong Kong Baptist University, China.
• Kruger, J.-L. & Liao, S. (2025, June). “The reception of fast subtitles by different user groups: An eye-tracking study”. Paper presented at the 11^th EST Congress 2025, University of Leeds, UK.
• Enríquez Raído, V., Orlando, M., Liao, S. & Kruger, J.-L. (2025, June). Uses and Perspectives of Translation and Interpreting Technology in the Artificial Intelligence Era: Findings from an Australian Survey. Paper presented at the 11^th EST Congress 2025, University of Leeds, UK.
• Li, L. & Liao, S. (2024, July). “A thousand Hamlets to a thousand readers”: Testing Visual Grammar with eye-tracking to understand reader perception of translated book covers. Paper to be presented at the 49th International Systemic Functional Congress, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia.
•  Liao, S. (2024, June). Quantitative methods in the reception of multimodal translation: Using eye tracking in empirical research. Workshop on the popular reception of multimodal translation in the digital age. The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.
• Li, L. & Liao, S. (2023, December). Do readers agree with analysts? An eye-tracking experiment of reader reaction to translated book covers. Paper presented at the Conference of Translation Studies and Digital Humanities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.
• Liao, S. (2023, September). The influence of visual and auditory information on subtitle processing: An eye-tracking study. Invited to present at the CIUTI conference as a recipient of the prestigious CIUTI PhD Award. University of Ghent, Belgium.
• Liao, S., Yu, L., Kruger, J.-L., & Reichle, E. (2023, July). The influence of subtitle-video congruency on subtitle reading: Evidence from eye movements. Paper presented at the 10th Media for All International Conference, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
• Liao, S., Yu, L., Kruger, J.-L., & Reichle, E. D (2023, July). Semantic congruency influences eye movements when reading subtitles in video. Paper presented at the 2023 Annual Conference of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading, Port Douglas, Australia.
• Kruger, J.-L., & Liao, S. (2023, July). Busting ghost titles on streaming services. Paper presented at the 10th Media for All International Conference, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
• Kruger, J.-L., & Liao, S. (2023, August). The reality of subtitle speed in the age of streaming. National University of Singapore.
• Liao, S., Yu, L., Kruger, J.-L., & Reichle, E. (2022). The influence of subtitle-video congruency on subtitle reading: Evidence from eye movements. Paper presented at the 2022 conference of the Australian Linguistic Society, University of Melbourne, Australia.
•  Kruger, J.-L. & Liao, S. (2021). Establishing a theoretical framework for AVT research: The importance of cognitive models. Paper presented at the 3^rd International Conference on Translation, Interpreting & Cognition, Forlì, Italy.
• Liao, S., Kruger, J.-L., Yu, L., & Reichle, E. D. (2019). The impact of multiple redundancies on subtitle processing and cognitive load. Paper presented at the 8th Media for All International Conference, Stockholm University, Sweden.
• Kruger, J.-L., Liao, S., Yu, L., & Reichle, E. D. (2019, July). How the reading architecture adapts to dynamic multimodal contexts. Paper presented in E. Reichle (Chair), The cognitive architecture of reading. Symposium conducted at the 26th Annual Meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading, Toronto, Canada.
• Liao, S., Kruger, J-L., & Doherty, S. (2018). An eye tracking study of the impact of bilingual subtitles on attention distribution and cognitive load. Paper presented at the 1^st Australian Eye-Tracking Conference, Macquarie University, Australia.
• Liao, S. & Pan, L. (2016). A narrative account of Interpreter’s role at political press conferences. Paper presented at the Eighth Asia-Pacific Translation and Interpreting Forum (APTIF8), Xi’an International Studies University, China.
• Liao, S. & Pan, L. (2016). Interpreter’s mediation at political press conferences: A narrative account. Paper presented at a research symposium (Narrative Theory in Translation Studies), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
• Pan, L. & Liao, S. (2015). A multimedia and multimodal approach to teaching translation at Chinese Universities. Paper presented at the 3^rd Lingnan Translation Teaching and Research Conference, China.